The Population Geography of Acholi District. The system values peace over justice, and has retributive and restorative aspects. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". Certain rwodi and interpreters began to accumulate some of the new wealth brought into Acholi by international trade, and descendants of some of these men used their inherited wealth to build up prominent twentieth-century families. [26], In 2016, the multi award-winning film, A Brilliant Genocide was produced. It was filmed by Australian director Ebony Butler, Simon Hardwidge and Ugandan author Frey Onen. Social Organization. a civil resistance movement started forming in the region. in 1911 in response to the British confiscation of Acholi guns was the Ruhakana Rugunda, the Ugandan minister of internal affairs and leader of the government negotiating team, noted the effectiveness of the traditional system. with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. The cult-like militia has abducted an estimated 25,000 children over the years, forcing them to commit heinous atrocities against civilians. The Acholi have a modified Iroquois kinship-terminology system, reflecting Acholi's patrilineal and patrilocal ideology. families living together in hamlets. Building on a long-term relationship with the region and utilizing the methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a qualitative questionnaire, I identify two especially important social mechanisms that correlate with the prevalence . The old staples of eleusine (finger) millet, sorghum, sesame, and various peas, beans, and leafy green vegetables continue to be grown, along with twentieth-century crops such as cassava, maize, peanuts (groundnuts), fruits, and cotton. At the height of the insurgency, 1.8 million people in the north were living in camps. Dances and other activities surrounding spirit possession seem to have been originally introduced from Bunyoro in the early nineteenth century and then became more wide-spread during the tumultuous years of the latter part of that century. development of chiefdoms seems to have been the ability of rwodi to help Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team [7] During the second half of the nineteenth century, Arabic-speaking traders from the north started to call them Shooli, a term which was transformed into 'Acholi'.[8]. It was also during this period that the name Acholi was coined by the Arab traders, calling Ethnic group of South Sudan and Northern Uganda, Atkinson, Ronald R. "The Evolution of Ethnicity among the Acholi of Uganda: The Precolonial Phase.". Encyclopedia of World Cultures. "Some Notes on Acholi Religious Ceremonies." p. 41). Localized lineages have been the fundamental social units in Acholi, with chiefdoms providing a layer of organization above the lineages from the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. ." Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. authority of a district commissioner. //]]>, ETHNONYMS: Acoli, Acooli; historically: Gani, Lango, Lo-Gang, Shuuli. Despite their common language and ethnic designation, the Acholi of Uganda and the southern Sudan have distinct origins and developed along different historical trajectories; the remainder of this cultural summary will focus on the more populous Uganda Acholi. They are speakers of Western Nilotic languages and are traditionally farmers. The council's representatives could mediate issues between clans, and essentially covered both civil and criminal functions, like a Supreme Court. friendly, but after the inception of the British Protectorate of Uganda in 1894, which included of as dialects of Acholi. These guns brought have often limited or prevented serious conflict, especially among Over the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, some seventy chiefdoms were founded throughout the area that became Acholi, leading to the development of a new social order and political culture, the spread of a new language (Luo), and the evolution of a new society and collective identity. At its peak in 2005 over The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. The essential lawlessness of the Idi Amin and second Milton Obote regimes, however, as well as of the various rebel groups, the Ugandan army, and Karamojong raiders (who have been active in Acholi since the mid-1980s) have led to a breakdown of any meaningful social control in the area. [26] However, it successfully popularised the LRA in the West. Ironworking, mainly but not entirely confined to certain lineages, appears to be almost as ancient as agriculture, going back perhaps to the first millennium b.c. In Changing Uganda: The Dilemmas of Structural Adjustment and Revolutionary Change, edited by Holger B. Hansen and Michael Twaddle, 162-177. into the 1990s, Acholi was the scene of similar levels of conflict. It is part of the Southern Lwoo languages (UNHCR, 2012). Milton Obote, the independence leader, relied heavily on the support of his fellow Luo-speakers - Acholi and Langi - in government. Uganda journal 27(1): 15-30. One obvious candidate, Bazilio Olara-Okello who, although unrelated to Tito Okello, was, as in the case of Oyite Ojok, another officer who participated in the overthrow of Idi Amin. This period of increased contact with non-Acholi accelerated the Kin Groups and Descent. These rebellions sprung up in defiance and from disapproval of the conduct and legitimacy of the new NRA government. Since Ugandan forces pushed the LRA out of Northern Uganda, the majority were able to return to their homes, though without much in the way of government support. Army membership has also supplied a distinct, if largely negative, socializing influence on many Acholi young men. Uganda Journal 19(1): 57-61. second Milton Obote regimes, however, as well as of the various rebel This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Childlessness is one of the most serious misfortunes imaginable; women are typically blamed, and the marriage often ends or the husband takes a second wife. According to the latest census, there are 1.47 million ethnic Acholi in Uganda, amounting to 4.4 per cent of the total population. Hier sind Acholi-Frauen dafr bekannt, . "[9], Milton Obote, the first leader after independence, relied on Acholi Luo people and Langi Nilo Hamites or Ateker peoples in government. Relatively small numbers of Acholi have filled middle-level or senior civil-service positions in independent Uganda. "The Concept of Jok among the Acholi and Lango." colonial times, were the Acholi stood often in opposition to the British colonial rule, the starting development of the chiefdom and clan system in the 17th and 18th century that is still a vital the Lords Resistance Army (LRA), echoing some of the spiritual themes used by the Holy Spirit The documentary focused on the unofficial discourse of the LRA war and it was largely critical of the Ugandan government role in the LRA war. centralised kingdom but instead organised themselves as a collection of smaller chiefdoms. By the mid-nineteenth century, about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland. [28], In 2012 the American charity Invisible Children produced a documentary about the LRA. Social Control. T(h)uri Kumam Certain rwodi and The building of houses and granaries has historically involved both men and women, with each performing specified functions. However, during the dry season, as groups of families were forced to congregate around receding water sources, a greater degree of political organization developed. In the precolonial era, warfare, herding, and hunting were the domain of men. As a result, many widowed Acholi have been unable to access their land on return to their homes. Okot p'Bitek's epic poem, Song of Lawino, debates Acholi customs around the time that Uganda became independent. 1544957. The Lwoo. [23] This resulted in resistance building up in the region and soon a host of rebel groups sprang up in the north. All members of the household acknowledge the authority of its head, the husband; each wife or other adult female in the household has traditionally had her own fields, granaries, and kitchen or cooking hut. This belief underlies the customary land tenure rule that prohibits women from having rights to land independent of their relationship with their father or husband. [1994], p. 80). // Cbx Shuttle To Tijuana Airport, Border Collie Toledo, Ohio, 2012 Chevy Sonic Temperature Sensor Location, Precedent Podcast Where To Listen, Kim Kyle Richards Palm Desert House, Articles P