While not fully blocking the sidewalk, people on bikes, scooters, or in wheelchairs will still have trouble passing. However, California law says that a driver is negligent per se if he/she caused an accident and was in violation of a statute. (k)Upon a bridge, except vehicles of the authorities in charge, being used in the repair, maintenance, or inspection of the facility, and except that buses engaged as a common carrier in local transportation may stop to load or unload passengers upon a bridge where sidewalks are provided, when authorized by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance, and except that local authorities pursuant to an ordinance or the Department of Transportation pursuant to an order, within their respective jurisdictions, may permit parking on bridges having sidewalks and shoulders of sufficient width to permit parking without interfering with the normal movement of traffic on the roadway. A crosshatched (diagonal lines) area adjacent to a designated disabled parking space is a no parking area. In fact, traffic ticket lawyers use different legal strategies to challenge allegations of violating this statute. This subdivision does not apply to any vehicle owned or operated by a fire department and clearly marked as a fire department vehicle. Use of this site means that you agree to the Terms of Use. a schoolbus when stopped to load or unload pupils in a business or residence district Private property, like a residence and the yard surrounding it. Many permit procedures require that applications be filed with the police department or the city or county well in advance of the event. See how the vehicle spans the entire width of the sidewalk? If you did not have a sidewalk you would not be able to put a fence up within that 15 feet. View theNational Lawyers Guilds Legal Observer Training Manualfor more information onassisting with training legal observers. If your wife can get in and out of the garage, then it sounds like you are already using your driveway just fine. No one other than a disabled person or a driver of a disabled person may park there. Acidity of alcohols and basicity of amines. "It's not as if the city is saying, 'Oh, we have this big problem of encroachment. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); California Car Seat Laws Everything You Should Know, California Road Signs Everything You Should Know. It's probably time to find a new place to park. Criminal Defense Penal Code 647c PC - Panhandling. The sidewalk is used by many other people and, by blocking it, you're depriving those people of their ability to do so. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select. Can airtags be tracked from an iMac desktop, with no iPhone? In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. Constitution, 1st Amendment;Cox v. Louisiana, 379 U.S. 536, 554 (1965);Frisby v. Schultz, 487 U.S. 474, 480 (1988) jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Yes. Yes. Check the rearview mirror and put your vehicle in reverse. may permit parking on bridges having sidewalks and shoulders of sufficient width to In a tunnel or on a bridge, except where permitted by signs. Sometimes the city codes require a certain amount of yard frontage and limits on setbacks. What is a parking violation under California Vehicle Code 22500? On a marked or unmarked crosswalk, sidewalk, partially blocking a sidewalk, or in front of a driveway. Its also there to prevent traffic and/or accidents. may apply. Using a placard when the person it was issued to is not in the vehicle with you (disabled child, family member, disabled employer, etc.). Since the sidewalk to the road is technically not yours, maybe there is a way to have the city agree to make it yours if you can prove that they have in some way violated your zones property size limits on front yard distance to the sidewalk. Sign up for FREE access to our Stock Power Daily emails and take control of your Money! Is it Legal to List Your Place on Airbnb? Therefore you are unlikely to have any right to leave a vehicle on them. and clearly marked as a fire department vehicle. Disobeying a sign, signal, or traffic control device CVC 38300, Victor v. Hedges (1999) 77 Cal. A defendant has to accost someone to violate Penal Code 647(c). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Penal Code 647(c) only applies to public places. In many states and counties it's illegal to block a sidewalk or crosswalk with your vehicle. $70 after 30 days of nonpayment ($20 increase) This is called public intoxication.18Cal Penal Code Sec 647(f) jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Is it illegal to simply carry alcohol in public? How long must one wait before re-parking in the same time-limited parking spot in Seattle? This is especially important for children and the elderly. Violations of Penal Code 647(c) can also come with other criminal charges. 5. Unfortunately, most of the politicians are too scared of their own shadow to do anything about it but ride it out. And post a link here to your question if you do, I'd be curious to know what they come up with. Blocking a sidewalk is illegal where I'm from. Headed uphill, turn your front wheels away from the curb and let your vehicle roll back a few inches. Please do! repair, maintenance, or inspection of the facility, and except that buses engaged Please complete the form below and we will contact you momentarily. How do I align things in the following tabular environment? Depending on where you live, blocking the sidewalk can result in fines or other legal penalties. (d) Within 15 feet of the driveway entrance to a fire station. Pedestrians on sidewalks may be approached with leaflets, newspapers, petitions and solicitations for donations. Skamania County, Washington, passed a law in 1969 deeming the "slaying of Bigfoot to be a felony and punishable by 5 years in prison." The . Your vehicle should be visible for at least 200 feet in each direction. the accused was following the direction of a police officer or a traffic signal. The crime is charged as a misdemeanor and is punishable by: A motorist that violates this statute may do so while also causing an accident with another car. Take a picture of the illegally parked vehicle. But it's possible some other downvoter got nitpicky about the difference between "you do not own it" (which might be technically false) and "you do own it, but the public has an easement" (which might be technically true but harder to understand and makes no practical difference in this case). 11.52.130(A-6) $50. On a marked or unmarked crosswalk, sidewalk, partially blocking a sidewalk, or in front of a driveway. Visit our California DUI page to learn more. (m) In a portion of a highway that has been designated for the exclusive use of public When you park alongside a curb on a level street, the front and back wheels must be parallel and within 18 inches of the curb. Current as of January 01, 2019 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. 'Should I fight this ticket?' Nothing in this section affects the power of a county or a city to regulate conduct upon a street, sidewalk, or other public place or on or in a place open to the public., Yes. Shouse Law Group Criminal Defense Vehicle Code 22500 CVC - Improper Parking, Stopping or Standing, Vehicle Code 22500 CVC is the California statute that makes it a parking violation for a vehicle owner to, Exceptions apply if a motorist commits an act. Your vehicle is fully pulled into the driveway without any part of it blocking pedestrian traffic. Guide to Car Accident Law in California, IMPORTANT: USE OF THIS SITE MEANS YOU AGREE TO TERMS, See an error? So rather than appeal the ruling, the city reached a settlement with lawyers for the homeless, agreeing not to enforce the ordinance from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. We arm Main Street investors with Wall Street tools to help them make money in any market. (b) On a crosswalk, except that a bus engaged as a common carrier or a taxicab may (f) On a portion of a sidewalk, or with the body of the vehicle extending over a portion of a sidewalk, except electric carts when authorized by local ordinance, Most California parking laws and rules are regulated at a local level, so every city is a little bit different. Without it, solicitation is likely. 2. No permit is required to picket, but it must be done in an orderly, non-disruptive fashion so that pedestrians can pass and entrances to buildings are not blocked. It only takes a minute to sign up. where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour or less. A local authority may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance regulating persons engaged in roller skating on a highway, sidewalk, or roadway. Standing in front of a car and refusing to move until getting paid, Blocking a pedestrian's path on the sidewalk while asking for money, and; Following someone around asking for a handout. How can we prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? 6.1. A party commits the offense of failure to appear if he/she willfully breaks this promise and does not show in court.5. Yes. Following someone around asking for a handout. Let's go enforce this,'" Dreher said. (m)In a portion of a highway that has been designated for the exclusive use of public transit buses. Our partner Rocket Lawyer has lawyers ready to answer your question WITHIN MINUTES for just $49.99 (Save $200+ vs hiring a lawyer). Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Every crime in California is defined by a specific code section. Failure to yield when making a left turn or a U-turn CVC 21801, 6.3. Parking in Intersection (CVC 22500A) - State law prohibits parking within an intersection. My neighbor does it all the time. (2) In unincorporated territory, where the entrance of a private road or driveway is If heading uphill, turn the front wheels away from the curb. Yes. Or if someone were to abandon their. The DMVs parking enforcement rules say that the majority of CVC 22500 violations do not result in a point on the motorists driving record. [reprinted below] Although, as noted above, there are no Federal laws that directly prohibit individuals from blocking public sidewalks, you may wish to suggest to your constituent that he contact the Do not open the drivers side door unless it is safe to do so and you do not interfere with traffic. If so, and the other driver suffers injuries in the accident, he/she can later file a personal injury lawsuit against the motorist. The vehicle still blocks the entire width of the sidewalk. Copyright 2023 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. What are some examples of illegal panhandling? RedNo stopping, standing, or parking. Back up into the parking space by turning your wheels at about 45 degrees. 2006). Supreme Court: Sorry, California, Homeless Can Sleep on Sidewalks, ruling from the 9th U.S. 22500 CVC - Improper Parking, Stopping or Standing. a vehicle having an excessive length CVC 35400, failure to yield when making a left turn or a U-turn CVC 21801, and. If heading downhill, turn the front wheels toward the side of the road or the curb and set the parking brake. | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/vehicle-code/veh-sect-22500/. Circuit Court of Appeals, House Passes $1.4T Spending Bill With Some Border Wall Funding, Prepare Your Stock Portfolio for ANY Election Scenario, Gas Prices Trend Is Another Big Tailwind for This Energy ETF, A 96-Rated Stock Within 2 Massive Global Mega Trends, Final Internet Frontier: 1 Space-Based Provider Cant Compete, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. My neighbor does it all the time. Bring your car to a stop alongside the car at the front of the space. Violations of Penal Code 647(c) can also come with other criminal charges. Having a photo to go on can help them better pinpoint the vehicle. NRS 484B.450 is the Nevada statute that addresses illegal stopping, standing or parking. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. Illegal to Block Sidewalk While the driver is trying to be legal, even a partial blocking of the sidewalk is illegal. If that doesn't work, call the police non emergency line and make a complaint. It may be illegal in the specific area you were riding, but legal on the next block over or legal on the other side of the street. ), When an officer or device requires a stop, or. I don't have enough curb near my house to park all 3 vehicles. Is it illegal to block a sidewalk in California? It is also a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, imprisonment in county jail for up to six months, or both. Is there anything I can do to my driveway to allow me to actually use it? Tables may also be set up on sidewalks for these purposes as long as demonstrators do not block entrances to buildings and passers-by are not physically detained. Accosting someone involves more than merelywalking up to someone to solicit money.2 It requires there to be: Passively sitting or standing and waiting for a handout does not suffice.4. If you are detained, ask the officer what crime you are suspected of committing, and remind the officer that taking photographs is your right under the First Amendment and does not constitute reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. Look for a posted sign next to the green zone for time limits, or locate the time limit painted on the curb. red paint on the curb erected or painted by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance. The specific law of disturbing the peace includes any of the following:5Penal Code 415 jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Penalty:Up to 90 days in county jail and/or up to $400 fine. According to Streets and Highways Code 5610: The wheel should gently touch the curb. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The justices refused to take the case from Boise, Idaho, on without comment or dissent. If youre from California, then weve got you covered. Vehicle Code 22500 lists several exceptions to many of the areas it restricts drivers from: For example, CVC 22500a states that it is unlawful for motorists to stop or park in an intersection. On or within 7 feet of a railroad track. Here is a table showing the parking violation and penalty: Okay, now that weve told you the California parking laws and their penalties, lets give you some helpful safe parking tips. permit parking without interfering with the normal movement of traffic on the roadway. The sidewalk is owned by the city along with the ramp which grants you access to the street. It is illegal to block the sidewalk in your driveway, as it obstructs access for pedestrians. The worst offender is the mayor of Oakland. following directions from the police or a traffic device, avoiding conflict with other traffic, and/or, the revocation of the motorists driving privileges, or. not delineated by an opening in a curb or by other curb construction, so much of the 21970. Is it Legal to List Your Place on Airbnb? Answer (1 of 6): Yes. 2. 2.1. Down Hill Up Hill No Curb, Up Hill or Down Hill. I'm assuming you are talking about something like this. They belong to a public authority such as the city or the local council. According to the L.A. Times, a large number of West Coast cities urged the Supreme Court to hear the appeal of the 9th Circuit ruling. on state highways in their respective jurisdictions if the ordinance or resolution They were so pleasant and knowledgeable when I contacted them. If the structure is used as a shelter, the owner of the shelter must be given at least 24 hours notice before it is taken down (which must be completed within 72 hours), unless it blocks a path or presents a hazard. In addition, free-speech activity generally cannot take place onprivate property absent the consent of the property owner, except where the property is open tothe public in the same way as a public street or park, like a shopping mall, but not a strip mall,or in front of big box stores. But your issue may be more complicated. Report it to your city bi law office repeatedly until they come and ticket the vehicle in question. All rights reserved. (i) Except as provided under Section 22500.5, alongside curb space authorized for the loading and unloading of passengers of a leaving a truck in front of a private residence, thereby obstructing the homes driveway. A person that violates this statute is charged with an infraction. To avoid this, here are some tips: Being aware of the parking laws in California is more than just avoiding the tickets and fines. Should I fight this ticket? But many cities do have a law specifically prohibiting human waste in public. Painted colored curbs have the following special parking rules: WhiteStop only long enough to pick up or drop off passengers or mail. We do not handle any of the following cases: And we do not handle any cases outside of California. In California, it is illegal to intentionally block the free movement of another person on a street, sidewalk or other public place. obstruct traffic. Lights, mirrors, or devices that are required to be mounted upon a vehicle under Actually the fence had to be approximately 4 to 5 feet off the easement line. Very helpful with any questions and concerns and I can't thank them enough for the experience I had. 2. The U.S. Constitution prevents. However, this guide covers general parking laws in California. By now, your vehicle will be parallel to the curb and about 18 inches from it. Even the most inflammatory speaker cannot be punished for merely arousing the audience. (k) Upon a bridge, except vehicles of the authorities in charge, being used in the The law says that a motorist here must yield the right-of-way to any approaching traffic. It varies by the specific acts, but generally it is up to 6 months in jail and/or $1000 fine.14Penal Code 19 jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); As of Jan 1, 2019 it is NOT a crime to sell food or merchandise on the sidewalk, however those who do so can still be cited and fined as a civil violation or infraction (except in cities that pass laws to allow it).15Safe Sidewalk Vending Act,SB 946 jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Is it illegal to drink alcohol in public? Copyright 2023 Shouse Law Group, A.P.C. A driver has to sign a written promise to appear in court if he/she is issued a traffic or parking ticket in California. It's illegal to kill Bigfoot. See more at our Guide to Laws About Alcohol, 5. Indeed, the city attorney's office says the maximum penalty for first-time illegal lodging or encroachment violations, if filed as misdemeanors, are six months in jail and a $1,000 fine. The penalties of a conviction include a maximum of: Being accused or arrested for a crime does not necessarily mean you will be convicted in court. Shouse Law Group has wonderful customer service. Where a stop is specifically permitted. An identification card will be issued to holders of disabled person or disabled veteran license plates. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law. It is also illegal to be so drunk that you are blocking or preventing the use of the sidewalk or public street. To report sidewalk parking or any other parking violation, call 311 or SFMTA Parking Enforcement directly at 415-553-1200. Headed downhill, turn your front wheels into the curb or toward the side of the road. Using a placard after it has been reported lost or stolen without reporting that the placard was found. Roll back a few inches and then let the wheels gently touch the curb. Meter maid in San Francisco blocks the way, and issues the parking ticket while the driver is present, Do I have grounds for contesting this parking ticket, Are parking lots allowed to ticket for a higher price than listed. Contact us. caused an accident and injured another party, and. (h)On the roadway side of a vehicle stopped, parked, or standing at the curb or edge of a highway, except for a schoolbus when stopped to load or unload pupils in a business or residence district where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour or less. Leave enough space for other vehicles to freely pass by your vehicle. Common defenses include the motorist showing the city attorney that he/she was: A violation of this statute is charged as an infraction, which is a crime under California law. The U.S. Supreme Court has not decided one way or the other, yet (. This is the base cost, though, and the actual cost will be significantly higher as it includes: Note that most violations do not result in any DMV points being placed against a motorists drivers license. A person can use a legal defense to contest a parking citation under this State law. Where does the survey of your property say the line between your property and the road. This is when it's important to know where it is illegal to park in California. However, if controversy or the content or viewpoint of the speech is used to apply higher costs such as requiring a large insurance policy or if the charges are entirely arbitrary, then the courts will not permit it. However, California has such a terrible homeless problem that they dont bother ticketing or arresting anybody that blocks the sidewalk. Law Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for legal professionals, students, and others with experience or interest in law. Lights, mirrors, or devices that are required to be mounted upon a vehicle under this code may extend from the body of the vehicle over the sidewalk to a distance of not more than 10 inches. My truck cannot fit on either half. This forces people out into the grass or the street to get around. This way, youll be able to keep everyone safe on the road. Here, were going to take you through all the California parking laws that you should know about this 2023. There is a 15 foot easement from the middle of the street to your property that is owned by the city. legislative body of a city pursuant to an ordinance. CVC 22500 says that it is a parking violation for a vehicle owner to stop, park, or leave his/her vehicle in certain locations. disobeying a sign, signal, or traffic control device CVC 38300. (2)In unincorporated territory, where the entrance of a private road or driveway is not delineated by an opening in a curb or by other curb construction, so much of the surface of the ground as is paved, surfaced, or otherwise plainly marked by vehicle use as a private road or driveway entrance, shall constitute a driveway. Peeing or pooping in public or on public property. However, the 9th Circuit issued a more broad ruling in 2018. There is nothing anomalous or unintended about you not being able to park on that part of your 'driveway' that is on the road side of the sidewalk. I did not downvote. Pickets are not required to keep moving but may remain in one place as long as they leave room on the sidewalk for others to pass. NOTE:Placard abuse results in the loss of special parking privileges. (e)(1)In front of a public or private driveway, except that a bus engaged as a common carrier, schoolbus, or a taxicab may stop to load or unload passengers when authorized by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance. on a sidewalk; (b) In front of a public or private driveway; . was unlawfully stopping, standing, or parking. They had a First Amendment right to solicit money. It is important to ensure that your . 1 Is it illegal to block the sidewalk? I, along with the other vehicles we own, park in our driveway, of course. Picket or protest on public sidewalks, parks and plazas so long as sidewalks and building entrances are no blocked Chant or sing protest songs on public sidewalks, parks and plazas You may not: Block access to sidewalks or buildings March in the streets without a permit Disrupt counter-protests (j)In a tube or tunnel, except vehicles of the authorities in charge, being used in the repair, maintenance, or inspection of the facility. (i)Except as provided under Section 22500.5, alongside curb space authorized for the loading and unloading of passengers of a bus engaged as a common carrier in local transportation when indicated by a sign or red paint on the curb erected or painted by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance. on the roadway side of a vehicle that is parked (e.g., double parking). is first approved in writing by the Department of Transportation. Vehicle Code 22500 CVC is the California statute that makes it a parking violation for a vehicle owner to stop, park, or leave the vehicle in certain locations Attorneys Injury Law A to Z Auto Accidents Wrongful Death Dog Bites Premises liability Locations Call or Message Us 24/7 888-926-7855 Required Field 24/7 Help: (888) 926-7855 Definitely recommend! Laws vary by city, but most cities do NOT allow you to drink alcohol in public, including the city of Los Angeles.16LAMC Ch IV Sec 41.27(c) jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); But in most cities, including LA, if the drink hasless than 0.5% alcohol (such as some kinds of Kombucha drinks), it is not legally considered alcoholand is OK to drink in public.17LAMC Ch IV41.27(c) jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_2003_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_2003_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Yes, in California you may not be so drunk (or high on drugs) that you are unable to exercise care for your own or others safety. Straighten out your parking by turning the steering wheel away from the curb and pulling forward or backward to straighten out. The Supreme Court on Monday said it will allow a lower courts ruling stand that protects the rights of the homeless to sleep on sidewalks or in public parks if they dont have anywhere else to go, which is a significant setback for cities in California. It is often referred to as a panhandling statute. sidewalks are not blocked by cars, trash, or other impediments to travel by wheelchair. In general, if groups of individuals stay on the sidewalk and obey traffic and pedestrian signals, their activity is protected. What happens if a motorist does not show up to a traffic hearing? Virginia: Depending on much snow has fallen (0-6 inches or 6+ inches) property owners have 24-72 hours to remove snow from public walkways. Learn more. (g)Alongside or opposite a street or highway excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic. federal governments from passing laws that prohibit protected speech. 1. What if there is no color code on a curb you want to park on? As well as avoid annoying tickets and fines. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. Yes. the zone and the curb as may be indicated by a sign or red paint on the curb, which It is always advisable to check with the city or the police to find out about permitting requirementscontact your local ACLU affiliate if the requirements seem unreasonable. The sidewalk is squares 2 and 3 from the street. Set the parking brake. A criminal record can affect job, immigration, licensing and even housing opportunities. They may be required to allow enough space on the sidewalk for normal pedestrian traffic and may not obstruct or detain passers-by. 7 Easy Ways to Make or Save Money by Exercising Your Legal Rights. Every person who willfully and maliciously obstructs the free movement of any person on any street, sidewalk, or other public place or on or in any place open to the public is guilty of a misdemeanor. it? A march or parade that does not stay on the sidewalk, and other events that require blocking traffic or street closure A large rally requiring the use of sound amplifying devices; or A rally at certain designated parks or plazas Many permit procedures require that the application be filed several weeks in advance of the event. This means it is always a defense for an accused to say that his/her actions were necessary to avoid some type of traffic collision or accident.
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